Cooling means



F. s. EASTER. 2,216,802

commu; uEANs Filled Jan. 13, 193s 2 sheets-'sheet 1 l Oa. 8, 1940.

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F. S. BASTER cooLIuG uEANs Filed Jan. 15, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 PatentedOct. 1940 PATENT OFFICE COOLING MEANS `li'oreot S. Banter, ClevelandHeights, Ohio, asaignor to The White Motor Company, Cleveland, OhioApplication January 13,1939, Serial No. 250,702

My invention pertains to a cooling system and more particularly to apair of separate water circulating systems for an internal combustionengine.

A further object has been to divide the cooling medium into two`independent systems, one reacting directly through theengine blockcomprising exhaust passages, exhaust valve seats and exhaust valve stemguides; whereas, the second y lo system is for cooling the head whichcovers the head and also so dispersed by' means of partition formingribs in the water jacket as to serve to reinforce the head or tostrengthen the roof g of `the combustion chamber and to also serve tosupply additional radiating surfaces. The interior construction of thehead' is so designed that the velocity of the water flow is high at theentry side where are located those sections of the several combustionchambers which constitute the detonation control areas; whereas on theoutlet side the velocity of the water iiow decreases as it moves overthe combustion chamber roof so that the velocity has droppedconsiderably on the outlet side which is nearer thosefsections of thecombustion chambers which have the greatest heat l loss to cooling.Moreover, oppositely disposed,

longitudinally lextending header passages, which extend alongside thesubjacent row of valves and cylinders, are of progressively increasingsize each end of the latter.

'I'he following advantages are realized by my design ofpartitionedhollow head:

(1) Increase in the effectiveness of the detonation control area of thecombustion chamber by removing a great amount of heat there.

(2) Increase of the eiliciency oi the combustion cycle by transferenceof a minimum amount of heat at the high heat loss or ignition area.

(3) Decrease of the rate` of carbon build-up inside of the combustionchamber by keeping the latter operating at the correcttemperature andthereby increasing the stability and efficiency of the engine over alonger period of time.

The two independent circulatory systems may from the longitudinal middleof the head toward (Cl. 12S-173) circulate the cooling water into acommon radiator or into two separate radiators and connecting manifoldsmight optionally be employed to. accomplish a uniformity of ow throughvarious parts of the engine. 5 The advantages of-my invention ascontrasted with the conventional cooling vsystems are:

(l) A maximum flow to the valve seats and valve stem guides withouthaving the same water travel over the combustionchamber, to realize 1longer mechanical life and higher'thermal eiliciency.

(2) Cooling of the head'and therefore of the combustion chamber byspecially directed and metered flow from its detonation` control area lto its high heat loss orl ignition area, resulting in diierentials ofheat and of heat transference to give higher thermal eiliciencies and amini-l mum carbon accumulation.

Adverting "to the drawingsm Figure l is a plan view, partly in sectionalong line I-I of Fig; 3 through the head ofso much of an internalcombustion engine as has operative association with my invention.

Figure 2 is a partial plan section taken in a n plane slightly below thetop of the cylinder block as indicated'by the line 2-2 in Figure 3. cFigure 3 is, a vertical section on zigzag line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Figures 4, 5 and 6 are corresponding sectional o detail views takenrespectively on lines 4 4, l-S and 6-6 in Fig. l.

Figure 'l is aview corresponding to Fig. 3 of a slightly modiiiedform inwhich the outlets from the engine oi' the two circulatory systems areadjacent to each other in a unitary structure.

An engine block I comprises along opposite sides respectively, sixcylinder barrels 2,'six exhaust passages 3, six exhaust valves 4 and aysomewhat intricate water jacket which includes a section 5envelopingmthe exhaust passage 3 as 0 shown in Fig. 3.

A twin pump unit 6 includes one pump chamber 1 which discharges througha pipe 8 which enters the water jacket of. the engine block at 9, thenflows through a middle cross passage I0 45 andthence into alongitudinally extending passage Il which, as shown in Figures 2 and 3,ex-

tends between the row of cylinders and exhaust passages and dischargesby ilow around the exhaust valve seats and around the exhaust pas- 5f"connected with a. conduit il which discharges into the top of oneradiator I4 having a capped fill opening I. As merely exemplified inFig. 1 the radiator I4 is a unitary structure with another radiator,though completely separated therefrom by a partition I6. From the lowerend of the radiator It, return to the pump chamber 1 is through aconduit I1. The customary fan I8 is shown rotatably mounted behind theradiator and with a belt drive I9 in common with the twin pump.

A hollow head 2li to be mounted upon the top of the engine blockreceives water at the middle of its one longitudinal side through aconduit 2| connected with the other pump chamber 22 and discharge of thewater from the opposite longitudinal middle of the head is through aconduit 23 which is connected with the top of a companion radiator 2lihaving a capped inlet 25. Connection between the bottom of the radiator24 and the pump housing 22 is established by means of a conduit 26. Itwill be observed that the radiator I6 happens to be illustrated aslarger than the radiator 20. but itwill be understood that theirrelative sizes are not of vital consequence to my invention and might bevaried to suit differing engine designs. Compressed between the deck ofthe engine block I and the bottom -of the head 2li is the customary,appropriately apertured gasket 21 and a series of twenty-three bolts 28which serve to secure the head to the block. The head has upwardlyarched sections to define the roofs 2S of six com'- bustion chamberseach of which communicates with one of the cylinder barrels and extendsover one of the exhaust valves 4 and is furthermore provided with awater chamber 39 extending across from one of its longitudinal sides toits opposite longitudinal side. Each combustion chamber roof isintersected by a spark plug 3i having terminals 32 and 33 located at thehigh heat loss area of the combustion chamber roof.

As may be observed in Fig. 3 the vertical dimensions of the waterchamber vary in a direction from side to side having a greater dimension84 over the water outlet or ignition side of the combustion chamber thanthe dimension 35 over the cylinder barrels or detonation control areaswhich are nearer the inlet side of the head. Generally, the height oithe cham'ber 30 progressively in: creases from one side to the other orfrom the inlet side where there is a longitudinally extending headerpassage 36 toward the outlet side where there is a comparatively largerlongitudinally extending header passage 31.

Extending crosswise or in a direction from inlet to outlet side and overeach combustion chamber, the head is interiorly provided with fivepartitions 38, 39, 40, 4I and 42 as clearly shown in Fig. 1, 'I'hesepartitions are so angularly related with respect to each other that theyform cross passages therebetween which progressively increase in width,measured longitudinally of the head,

from the inlet header 36 tb the outlet headerf31.

progressively varying distances from the outer walls of the two, headersor so that a line drawn through the extremities of all the partitions inone longitudinal half of the head and along each longitudinal sidethereof is not parallel with the corresponding outer wall of the header,Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate the varying sizes of the headers on planespassing through each of the three middle partitions di! and in saidthree figures the three sectional planes of the headers, progressing ina direction from the middle of the head toward either of its ends, aremarked by the numerals 53, M and d5. By this duplex arrangement ofvarisized headers and also vari-sized crosswise passages a more balancedwater cooling distribution is eiected so that each combustion chamber iscooled to substantially the same extent regardless oi its proximity toan end of the engine. The double variation in size of each of thecrosswise passages, both vertically and relatively transversely iscalculated to realme higher thermal eiliciencies and a minimumaccumulation of carbon due to predetermined metering of the now and itscooling effect with a differential as between the ignition area oi acombustion chamber and its detonation control area.

The modification of Fig, 7 illustrates an engine block 58 having aninlet il to its water jacket and an outlet i3 adapted to communicatewith a pipe i9 containing a thermostat ile, the pipe 9 being, however,an integral part of a head EI provided with an inlet 52, having an inletheader 53, and ,y

outlet header 5t, partitions 55 therebetweeen, and outlet pipe 5einteriorly though separate from the pipe 49 and containing a thermostat51. It is to be understood that the pipe 4Q returns water to oneradiator whereas the pipe 58 delivers it to a companion radiator. f

It is to be realized that the scope of my invention comprehends manyequivalent constructions. The showing of the drawings and the particulardescriptions are merely specific exempliiications of a plurality ofmechanical embodiments and arrangements.

I claim:

1. In an engine, a cylinder block and a water- ;lacketed head forming inconjunction with each other a combustion chamber, said head being formedinteriorly with a plurality of passages extending across from one sidethereof to the other side, said passages being of predeterminedlyvarying size, and means for circulating water through said head.

2. In an engine, a cylinder block and a water- ;lacketed head forming inconjunction with each other a combustion chamber, said head being formedinteriorly on opposite sides with headers and also with a plurality ofpartitions therebetween, said partitions forming passages ofprogressively varying size in a certain direction and a watercirculatory system connected with said headers.

3. In an engine, a cylinder block and a waterjacketed head forming inconjunction with each other a combustion chamber, said head being formedinteriorly on opposite sides with headers and also -with a plurality ofpartitions therebetween, said partitions forming passages of increasingsize from one end of said chamber toward its other end and means forcirculating water through said head.

4. In an engine, a cylinder block and a waterjacketed head forming inconjunction with each other a combustion chamber, said head being formedinteriorly with a plurality of passages extending from side to side,said passages each being of varying size in two relatively transversethrough said head.

5. In an automotive vehicle, a water circulatory system comprising, acomposite engine case includingV a water-jacketed cylinder lblock and awater-Jacketed head, a pumping mechanism, a pair of water-coolingradiators and complemental connections between said block, head, pumpand radiators, said cylinder block and head jackets being closed withrespect to each other within said engine case. 4 6. In an automotivevehicle. a water circulatory system comprising, a water-jacketed head, apumping mechanism, a water-cooling radiator and complemental connectionsbetween said head, pump andradiators and partitions forming variablesized passages within said head jacket for effecting differentialvelocities of water ,flow

therethrough.

'7. An oblong water-jacketed internal combustion engine head having aninlet and an outlet, said head being formed` interiorly with crosswiseextending passages each of varying size from end to end and being alsoformed with header passages extending along opposite sides, said headerpassages communicating with each of said crosswise passages. the size ofone corresponding set of ends oisaid crosswise passages furthermorevarying directly as their distances from the longitudinal middle of saidhead.

8. An internal combustion 'engine head formed with a water chamber ofvarying height and havv ing an inlet at its side oi' least height andhaving an outlet at its side of greatest height and cross- 9. An oblongwater-jacketed internal combustion engine head having a middle inlet anda middle outlet; said head being interiorly formed with crosswiseextending passages each of varying size from its one end towardjts otherend and said head being also formedfinteriorly with header passagesextending along opposite sides oi' the head and transversely withrespect to saidorosswise extending" passages, said header passagescommunicating with each of said crosswise passages, there being a directratio between the size of ends of said crosswise passages along alongitudinal half oi the head and the distances of such ends from thenearest longitudinal end of said head. p

10.. In a water circulatory system for an internal combustion engine,the combination of a pump, a water jacketed head formed with groups ofpartitions of Varying height, a radiator, a conduit from said pump tothe portionsof the partitions which are of minimum height, a conduitfrom the portions of said partitions which are of maximum height t0 saidradiator and a .conduit v

